Net work Utiles

tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j computer-list] [-w timeout] target_name
This diagnostic utility determines the route taken to a destination by 
sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 
echo packets with varying Time-To-Live (TTL) values to the destination. 
Each router along the path is required to decrement the TTL on a 
packet by at least 1 before forwarding it, 
so the TTL is effectively a hop count. 
When the TTL on a packet reaches 0, 
the router is supposed to send back an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the source system. 
Tracert determines the route by sending the first echo 
packet with a TTL of 1 and incrementing the TTL by 1 on 
each subsequent transmission until the target responds or 
the maximum TTL is reached. The route is determined by 
examining the ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent back by intermediate routers.
     Notice that some routers silently drop packets with expired time-to-live 
     (TTLs) and will be invisible to tracert.

Parameters

-d
Specifies not to resolve addresses to computer names.
-h maximum_hops
Specifies maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j computer-list
Specifies loose source route along computer-list.
-w timeout
Waits the number of milliseconds specified by timeout for each reply.
target_name
Name of the target computer. 

Commands:   (identifiers are shown in uppercase, [] means optional)
NAME            - print info about the host/domain NAME using default server
NAME1 NAME2     - as above, but use NAME2 as server
help or ?       - print info on common commands
set OPTION      - set an option
    all                 - print options, current server and host
    [no]debug           - print debugging information
    [no]d2              - print exhaustive debugging information
    [no]defname         - append domain name to each query
    [no]recurse         - ask for recursive answer to query
    [no]search          - use domain search list
    [no]vc              - always use a virtual circuit
    domain=NAME         - set default domain name to NAME
    srchlist=N1[/N2/.../N6] - set domain to N1 and search list to N1,N2, etc.
    root=NAME           - set root server to NAME
    retry=X             - set number of retries to X
    timeout=X           - set initial time-out interval to X seconds
    type=X              - set query type (ex. A,ANY,CNAME,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,SRV)
    querytype=X         - same as type
    class=X             - set query class (ex. IN (Internet), ANY)
    [no]msxfr           - use MS fast zone transfer
    ixfrver=X           - current version to use in IXFR transfer request
server NAME     - set default server to NAME, using current default server
lserver NAME    - set default server to NAME, using initial server
finger [USER]   - finger the optional NAME at the current default host
root            - set current default server to the root
ls [opt] DOMAIN [> FILE] - list addresses in DOMAIN (optional: output to FILE)
    -a          -  list canonical names and aliases
    -d          -  list all records
    -t TYPE     -  list records of the given type (e.g. A,CNAME,MX,NS,PTR etc.)
view FILE           - sort an 'ls' output file and view it with pg
exit            - exit the program
 

Verifies connections to a remote computer or computers.
 This command is available only if the TCP/IP protocol has been installed.
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l length] [-f] [-i ttl] [-v tos] 
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j computer-list] | [-k computer-list]] [
-w timeout] destination-list

Parameters

-t
Pings the specified computer until interrupted.
-a
Resolve addresses to computer names.
-n count
Sends the number of ECHO packets specified by count. The default is 4.
-l length
Sends ECHO packets containing the amount of data specified by length.
 The defualt is 64 bytes; the maximum is 8192.
-f
Sends a Do not Fragment flag in the packet. 
The packet will not be fragmented by gateways on the route.

-i ttl
Sets the Time To Live field to the value specifed by ttl.
-v tos
Sets the Type Of Service field to the value specifed by tos.
-r count
Records the route of the 
outgoing packet and the returning packet 
in the Record Route field. A minimum of 
1 and a maximum of 9 computers may be specified by count.
-s count
Specifies the timestamp for the number of hops specified by count.

-j computer-list
Routes packets via the list 
of computers specified by computer-list. 
Consecutive computers may be separated by intermediate gateways (loose source routed).
 The maximum number allowed by IP is 9.
-k computer-list
Routes packets via the list of computers specified by computer-list.
 Consecutive computers may not be separated by intermediate 
  gateways (strict source routed). The maximum number allowed by IP is 9.

-w timeout
Specifies a timeout interval in milliseconds.
destination-list
Specifies the remote computers to ping.

The ping command verifies connections to remote computer or computers, 
by sending ICMP echo packets to 
the computer and listening for echo reply packets. 
Ping waits for up to 1 second for each packet sent and prints the number of packets 
transmitted and received. Each received packet 
is validated against the transmitted message. 
By default, four echo packets containing 64 bytes of data 
(a periodic uppercase sequence of alphabetic characters) are transmitted.

You can use the ping utility to test both the computer name and the 
IP address of the computer. 
If the IP address is verified but the computer name is not, 
you may have a name resolution problem. 
In this case, be sure that the computer name you are querying is in 
either the local HOSTS file or in the DNS database. 
The following shows sample output for ping:
C:\>ping ds.internic.net
Pinging ds.internic.net [192.20.239.132] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.20.239.132: bytes=32 time=101ms TTL=243

Reply from 192.20.239.132: bytes=32 time=100ms TTL=243
Reply from 192.20.239.132: bytes=32 time=120ms TTL=243
Reply from 192.20.239.132: bytes=32 time=120ms TTL=243